Editing Burkina Faso

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{{Updated|9|29|20}}
{{CountryPageHeader|Solar Bakery Burkina Faso|[[Solar Cookers International]] has rated '''Burkina Faso''' as the #17 country in the world in terms of solar cooking potential (See: [[Media:25_countries_with_most_solar_cooking_potential.pdf|The 25 countries with the most solar cooking potential]]). The estimated number of people in Burkina Faso living in sunny portions of the country and having fuel scarcity in 2020 is 3,400,000. See [[Solar restaurants and bakeries]].}}
==Events==
{{{{PAGENAME}}Events}}
{{CalendarAndPastEvents}}

=={{HeadingNews}}==
*{{NewMar20}}'''March 2020:''' [https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/03/17/un-backed-fund-to-support-solar-businesses-in-burkina-faso/ UN-backed fund to support solar businesses in Burkina Faso] - ''PV Magazine''

*{{NewJul20}}'''December 2019:''' '''Solar Cooking KoZon update (text borrowed from Solar Cooking KoZon December 2019 newsletter)''': The official start of the second phase of Handicap Solidaire Burkina Faso’s solar cooking project was held in August 2019. For this phase the following activities have been planned: construction of a hangar for production activities, production and sale of 75 CooKits, 75 hay baskets and 15 solar boxes, training of the manufacturing and sales persons, and sales demonstrations. The hangar has now been built and production has started: the production includes 35 CooKits, 34 hay baskets and 12 solar boxes. Sales have started and solar boxes are particularly popular. HSB has already sold 10 solar boxes and 2 hay baskets.

[[File:Blazing_Tube_Burkina_Faso_refugee_camp_November_2015.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance]]s in [[Burkina Faso]] refugee camps]]
*{{NewSep15}}'''November 2015: Blazing Tube Solar Appliances in Burkina Faso refugee camps''' - UNHCR delivered [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance]]s to 601 households (1 per household), ranging from two to eight family members each. Feedback from the families indicate that the cooker has reduced their need for firewood. [http://cleancookstoves.org/about/news/10-20-2015-blazing-tube-solar-cookers-in-burkina-faso-refugee-camps.html Read more...]

[[File:UNCHR_supplied_Blazing_Tube_solar_cooker_in_Burkina_Faso,_2-9-15.png|thumb|300px|A [[refugee]] in [[Burkina Faso]] uses a [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance|Blazing Tube]] solar cooker supplied by UNCHR.]]
*'''February 2015:''' A [[refugee]] woman in [[Burkina Faso]] cooks rice with a [[Blazing Tube Solar Appliance|Blazing Tube]] solar cooker. The stove is assembled in the [[USA]] and costs around $100USD. Oliver Lompo, UNHCR Environment Officer in Burkina Faso explained the impact the stove has had. “Beforehand, refugee women had to walk several hours a day to collect [[firewood]]. Since we have a lot of sunshine, the stove allows them to cook without spending any more time on firewood collection. And, more importantly, it does not produce any smoke - people love it.” - ''UNCHR''

[[File:Atouts_Soleil_2013.jpg|right|300px]]
*'''September 2013:''' The [[Atouts Soleil]] organization reports that it has made many [[Devos Solar Cooker|solar cooking tables]] in [[Burkina Faso]]. These solar cookers have been produced on site by Burkina and French people. The tables, made of steel, were welded and painted. The concentrators were molded before being covered with square mirrors. The women tried different recipes: [[beans]], [[rice]], yams, fried fritters, etc. The solar cooking tables have a high energy focusing, allowing to cook very different meals. Many meals were prepared, like fritters, and of course the rice with sauce, the main meal in Burkina. The sauces were made with onions, tomatoes or gumbo. They prepared the rice and then the sauce, but the sauce required very little time. They enjoyed the taste of the meals and the simplicity of use. And of course they appreciated the best aspect: the solar cooking tables need no fuel to work! These African women have learned to cook standing up, instead of bent over a smoking fire. Solar cooking has changed their lives.

[[File:Solar_Food_Processing_Network_group_photo,_2-14-14.jpg|thumb|300px|Participants at the 2013 Solar Food Processing Network conference.]]
*'''February 2013:''' The [[Solar Food Processing Network]] (SFPN) held a regional workshop in January 2013 at the Muni Seva Ashram in Goraj, Vadodara, Gujarat, [[India]]. This gathering was a follow-up to the 2009 AFPN conference held in Indore, India in 2010. Workshop participants heard from food marketing and technology experts. Conference organizers, [[Deepak Gadhia]] and [[Rolf Behringer]] held discussions on local and international marketing, village industries, packaging, policy interventions, R&D, and effective monitoring and evaluation of projects. Attendees discussed the formation of an international solar food standard and shared their own practical experiences using solar technology for food processing. Visit the [http://www.solarfood.org Solar Food Processing Network] to see a muscial video of the event and videos of solar food processing projects in [[Burkina Faso]]. 
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=={{HeadingHistory}}==
{{SubSection|ISOMET}}
[[Barbara Knudson|Dr. Barbara Knudson]] reported in 2002: A thriving solar cooking promotion has been underway for several years, initially through the efforts of a young Burkinabe, William Ilboudo, who founded [[ISOMET]], a business enterprise in the late 1990s. Other organizations also work in this Sahelian nation, which is ideally suited for solar cooking. 

William Ilboundo had studied in [[Germany]] where he came to know about solar 
ovens. When he returned to his country, he started a small business, basically in his own backyard and with the assistance of family members, making and selling wooden [[box cooker]]s. Because of the cost of the boxes, the audience was primarily a middle class one, at least initially. Even then, the ovens were usually sold on a pay-over-time business, and collecting the money proved problematic. Efforts to assist in the development of a [[micro-credit]] scheme, to be managed by a banking firm, were not successful. 

In 2000, William, who is loosely allied with [[Solar Household Energy, Inc.]] as one of that organization's roster of solar entrepreneurs, returned to [[Germany]] for another course of study. On his return, a larger scale business plan was developed - one that would create a proper workshop and permit a number of employees to be used in expanding cooker production. Technical assistance in management of this effort was provided to Mr. Ilboudo by a Dutch representative of an association of retired business executives. 

A number of visitors and observers have evaluated the work done by ISOMET. All who have visited the project were impressed with the dedication of the workers and the quality of the solar products. Throughout the early years, Mr. Ilboudo continued to receive support from a number of German solar cooking experts, including [[Rolf Behringer]], a well-known solar cooker promoter. In 2000, a Swiss expert visited this Burkina Faso business and reported that over 150 excellent ovens had been built, and demand appeared to be steady if not spectacular 

In 2003, M. Bonello, a European solar cooking promoter, visited programs in 
three West African nations, one of which was Burkina Faso. He reported that ISOMET now has four employees and is manufacturing a range of types of cookers. After several years of only working with box cookers, they now are also manufacturing the [[CooKit]], the cardboard [solar panel cooker] that is the least expensive, but efficient, cooker available. 300 of these had been sold, following a major promotion on television. Currently, they sell around 50 of those per year. 

In addition, William is importing kits for the assembly of small-scale parabolic cooking devices, far more expensive, but able to cook for up to 10 people. One negative aspect of this part of ISOMET's work is the necessity to pay a heavy custom duty of around 33% on the imported goods. (Paradoxically, the government subsidizes gas products, such as kerosene, at around 40%). Yet another part of the work of this organization is equipping school cafeterias with large-scale [[Scheffler]] parabolic devices, some equipped with tracking devices made from bicycle parts in the ISOMET workshop. 

Maintenance problems have been severe however with these more complex devices. Topping off the work of ISOMET, Mr. Ilboudo and his workers have recently 
installed a solar bakery capable of producing 1500 loaves of bread a day. The bakery is equipped with a 16 sq. meter [[Scheffler reflector]], and has a heat retention system using a container filled with stones. This effort has been led by the [https://www.fh-aachen.de/forschung/solar-institut-juelich/ Solar Institute Julich], using ISOMET staff. The organization is currently building more spacious quarters and has additional large projects in mind. 
{{SubSection|Centre Écologique Albert Schweitzer}}
Other promoters work in this nation, as well. [[Centre Écologique Albert Schweitzer]] is located in Ougadougou; a part of its work is a Workshop for Solar Energy and Appropriate Technologies. The latter is a research and training center for farmers, artisans, and small business owners. An affiliate of the center is the German non-governmental organization, the Association for the Promotion of the Use of Solar Energy (APEES). That group has, in turn, affiliated itself with local artisans and with women's organizations to distribute solar cookers and dryers. In 2003, as reported by M. Bonello (see above), they had sold around 500 such units in the past decade. 
{{SubSection|SED}}
Another company, SED, has been created by Boudacar Zongo, who was already in the business of provided various cooking devices, through his business, [[Solar Household Energy]] (SHE). The focus of SED is on fuel conserving stoves, but they actively promote solar cooking as well. One promotional scheme included a small store located in a low income area of Ougadougou, where cakes, chicken, or other food cooked in solar ovens are sold. 

To increase traffic, they even installed a pay phone. SED receives technical assistance from the Centre Écologique Albert Schweitzer and its unit on renewable energy. Ougadougou would appear to be an excellent site for initiatives established by local entrepreneurs, perhaps a model for other cities and nations. 
{{SubSection|[[Solar Cooking KoZon]]
On the other end of the solar cooking range from the large scale parabolics is a project developed in a rural area of Burkina Faso. The pioneering site was the village of Goram-Goram, in the northern part of the country. [[Wietske Jongbloed]] is a volunteer associated with the Dutch NGO, [[Solar Cooking KoZon]]. Wietske started with 20 [[CooKit]]s to introduce to village women. She is a very experienced solar trainer who first went to Goram-Goram in 1999. Already well acquainted with and supportive of the activities of ISOMET, where experimentation with the CooKit was underway, she decided to see what success might be had with the far less expensive CooKit in the rural areas. 

The first 20 CooKits were given to two groups of women to try with their own 
cooking practices. Reaction was very positive and many asked that more CooKits be made available. After this "pilot", the KoZon Foundation was willing to support a larger project. In 1999, 300 Cookits were made available for sale, though subsidized to make the price low enough to be feasible for the potential customers, who are very poor. The cooking kit comprised a thin aluminum pot, two plastic bags (used to retain heat in the pot) and the cardboard CooKit; the price was about $2.50 (actually, about the cost of the pot alone). Experienced solar cooks from the initial project later served as trainers for new buyers of CooKits. All the solar cookers sold very quickly and many more people inquired about availability of more such devices. 

Sixty percent of the kits were purchased by women, 25% by men for their families (sometimes several, as multiple wives are common), and 15% to young single men, the latter becoming very enthusiastic users of the CooKit. Many families would like to have more than one CooKit, as their families are large. This very positive reception appears to be related to a number of factors: the use of village women as trainers, familiar foods for demonstrations, cooking that is normally done out of doors, the excellent insolation, and the high cost of alternative fuels, plus, no doubt, Wietske Jongbloed's skill and persistence. The generosity of [[the KoZon Foundation]] in subsidizing the poor of the nation is also a major factor. 

The Kozon Foundation has since promoted solar usage in other nations (see [[Mali]] and [[Chad]]) and other areas of Burkina Faso. CooKits are being made in Burkina Faso, rather than imported, which both provides jobs for Burkinabes and is less expensive, making support dollars go further. 

One of the very interesting parts of the KoZon support for solar cooking in West Africa is their support of an evaluation of the project. A masters level student from at a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] university (and from [[Benin]]) was assisted to conduct the evaluation which carefully studied and observed solar cooker purchasers, their motives and the consequences of solar usage. Those findings were summarized, and the staff and board of KoZon very systematically examined each and made appropriate changes in their approaches as the data indicated. This outside evaluation and the uses made of it are fairly rare in the solar cooking world, and hence to be noted and commended. 
{{SubSection|BSW Alternative Energy}}
A more recent report from Burkina Faso tells of the work sponsored by other 
European groups in West Africa. BSW Alternative Energy, a [[Germany|German]] company, makes a somewhat different type of parabolic cooker known as the [[Papillon]]. Instead of an inverted dome like most parabolics, the Papillon has two wings, with room for the cook to stand between for ease of cooking. In addition, the device folds to go through a doorway. The device can cook for up to 15 people, since it holds several pots, and is very powerful. 

The BSW Solar Energy group is promoting the Papillion for West Africa (SEWA) 
where they have been working since 1994. They recently have introduced 70 Papillion cookers in Gaoua, Burkina Faso. The devices were manufactured in country with technical assistance from BSW. The Papillion can also be purchased as a kit for home assembly, and a scheme is in place for payment over time with savings from previous reductions in fuel purchasing. The cost is repaid in around 18 months; once repaid, the funds are available for another family to use for a cooker and pay back in the same manner. 

The promoters of this scheme include Willi Heinzen, Bernd Hafner, and [[Paul Kraemer]], chef, scientist, and medical doctor, respectively. Their recent book, Solar Kocher, (Munich, Germany, 2002: Sud West Information) unfortunately for many of us, is published only in German. It provides an excellent discussion of solar cooking technology and practice, with detailed diagrammatic drawings of various types of cookers and marvelous pictures of fuel scarce West Africa.
{{SubSection|TLE NAFA}}
[[Image:Papillon_solar_cooker.jpg|right|thumb|200px]]
Community members in Bobo Dioulasso formed Association TLE NAFA in 2004 to promote solar energy and reduce deforestation. In 2005, the association carried out two projects with 35 [[Papillon]] solar cookers. The cookers were made in Ouagadougou and assembled in Bobo Dioulasso. After a 20% subsidy, the cookers sold for about €120 each. Sales proceeds were used to buy additional supplies. TLE NAFA planned to sell at least 15 more in 2006. 
{{ArchivedPagesForHistory}}

=={{HeadingClimateCulture}}==
More than 90% of the [[fuelwood]] cut in Burkina Faso is used as fuel. Consumption is higher in urban than in rural households. Under these conditions, rapid urbanization will lead to accelerated deforestation, the more so as the wood reserves have been overexploited for a considerable time. Imported forms of energy are not an alternative for economic reasons. Because of high and still rising costs of wood and other forms of household fuel the link with the problem of poverty is obvious. In the context of globalization and urbanization the relationship of modern sector growth and increasing poverty, the relationship of acceptance of solar cookers and socio-economic standing is discussed, as is the possibility of hybrid solutions at the local level. '''See:''' [http://solarcooking.org/Crisis.htm The Fuelwood Crisis in Burkina Faso Solar Cookers As An Alternative]

Burkina Faso has a primarily tropical climate with two very distinct seasons: The rainy season with between 24-35 inches (600 - 900 mm) of rainfall, and the dry season during which the harmattan blows, a hot dry wind from the Sahara. The rainy season lasts approximately 4 months, May/June to September, and is shorter in the north of the country.<ref>http://www.alliance3000.org/en/burkina.html</ref>

'''See also'''
*{{WikipediaClimate|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Burkina_Faso#Climate}}
*{{NewMar20}}{{EnergySituationEnergypedia}}
*[[Solar cooker dissemination and cultural variables]]

==Resources==
{{ContinentInfo|Africa}}
{{FacebookGroups}}
===Reports===
*{{NewFeb18}}'''January 2018:''' [[Media:Prices,_Products_and_Priorities_-_Meeting_Refugees’_Energy_Needs_in_Burkina_Faso_and_Kenya_-_Corbyn_and_Vianello_-2018-01-30.pdf‎|Prices, Products and Priorities: Meeting Refugees’ Energy Needs in Burkina Faso and Kenya]] - ''Drew Corbyn and Mattia Vianello''

*{{NewOct16}}'''October 2016:''' [[Media:HYBRID_SOLAR_OVEN-_SAVING_WOOD_RESOURCES_BY_USING_SOLAR-POWER_OVENS,_ISOMET,_10-18-16.pdf|Hybrid Solar Oven: Saving Wood Resources by Using Solar Power Ovens,]] - ''ISOMET''

*'''June 2014:''' [[Media:A_new_turn_toward_solar_cooking.pdf| A (new) cultural turn toward solar cooking—Evidence from six case studies across India and Burkina Faso]] - ''[[Pia Otte]]''

*'''November 2012:''' [[Bashir Ahmad]], a Research Fellow at the Technical University of Denmark, provides an analysis of solar cooker usage compared to conventional cooking methods. Data was collected for the study in [[India]] and [[Burkina Faso]] in the 80's and 90's.  [[Media:An_Analysis_of_Solar_Cooker_Usage,_Bashir_Ahmad,_11-12.pdf|An Analysis of Solar Cooker Usage - ''Bashir Ahmad'']]

*'''2006:''' [[Media:CooKit_Acceptance_Burkina_Faso_2006.pdf|A report on the evaluation of the KoZon Foundation Cookit projects in northern Burkina Faso]] -  ''Jantje Struif Bontkes and [[Wietske Jongbloed]]''

*[http://www.solarcooking.org/Crisis.htm The Fuel Wood Crisis in Burkina Faso: Solar Cookers As An Alternative] - ''[[Paul Krämer]]''

==={{HeadingProjectEvals}}===
*{{NewApr19}}'''April 2014:''' [[Media:A_new_turn_toward_solar_cooking.pdf| A (new) cultural turn toward solar cooking—Evidence from six case studies across India and Burkina Faso]]

*{{NewJan17}}'''July 2006:''' [[Media:Granada06_monika_hermann_sanou.pdf|Evaluation of 3 Solar Cooker Projects in Burkina Faso/West Africa]] - ''Monika Hermann-Sanou''

{{Main|Project evaluations}}

===Articles in the media===
*{{NewMar20}}'''March 2020:''' [https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/03/17/un-backed-fund-to-support-solar-businesses-in-burkina-faso/ UN-backed fund to support solar businesses in Burkina Faso] - ''PV Magazine''

*[http://www.hedon.info/BPA:10743&highlight=solar%20cooking%20of%20traditional%20foods Solar cooking of traditional foods in Western Africa] - ''Hollis and Reynald Chatelain''

===Audio and video===

*'''December 2010:'''
::[[File:Solar Shea Butter Production|thumb|none|400px|In [[Burkina Faso]], close to Ouagadougou, a Solar Shea Butter Production has been installed. Saving a lot of firewood, improving quality and creating income for the local women.]]

*'''November 2010:'''
::[[File:Solar Bakery Burkina Faso|thumb|none|400px]]

'''2005:'''
[http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/festival/play/6004/Bon-App--tit-Monsieur-Soleil Bon Appétit Monsieur Soleil] - On the edge of the Sahel, firewood is becoming scarce and expensive. The desert is moving closer. To counter this deforestation and the poverty it causes, a network of NGOs, craftsmen-welders and women's associations have for the past ten years been developing an alternative to firewood: parabolic solar cookers.

===Web pages===
*[http://solarcooking.org/francais/solarcooking-faq-french.htm Questions courantes sur les fours solaires]
{{CountryContacts}}
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:West Africa]]
[[Category:Burkina Faso]]
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[[Category:Countries with the greatest solar cooking potential]]