Editing Solar cooking for large groups

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Solar cooking is being used to cook for large numbers of people. Below is a description of how this is being done around the world. Cooking can be done with a number of smaller cookers, with a single large solar cooker, or with an integrated [[Institutional solar cooking|institutional solar cooking]] system.

==Build a number of smaller cookers==
This is an effective strategy for refugee situations. the [[Iridimi Refugee Camp]] in Chad, thousands of [[CooKit]] solar panel cookers are being used to cook for over 17,000 people each day. These cookers are built by the refugees themselves. This method is also used by the [[Villaseca Solar Restaurant]] in Chile.

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[[Image:KoZon_Iridimi_May_2007_1.jpg|thumb|none|350px|At the [[Iridimi Refugee Camp]] in [[Chad]] a small workshop run by the refugees themselves has built [[CooKit]] solar panel cookers for the 17,000 camp residents.]]
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[[Image:Villaseca_solar_restaurant.jpg|thumb|none|306px|The [[Villaseca Solar Restaurant]] in [[Chile]] uses a dozen or so [[box cookers]] and a few [[parabolic cookers]] to prepare food for their patrons.]]
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See [[:Category:Solar cooker plans|Solar cooker plans]].

== Build larger panel cookers ==

More foil will cook more food or heat more liquid. If they are available, extra-large truck size windshield shades can be used to make cookers that will effectively handle up to {{LT|7.5}} of food or liquid (great for dishwater in camp) or cook at least {{KG|5}} of meat or poultry, bake full-size cakes, larger pans of rolls, brownies, cornbread, etc. An arrangement that allows for light to get under the pot makes it even more efficient.

[[Image:Super-size_windshield_shade_cooker.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Close-up of super-size [[windshield shade cooker]] showing details of how the {{CM|48}} round grate from a broken fan is used to help the cooker keep its shape and stay in the tub base. The flat grate that rests on the edges of the fan grate lets a lot of light get under the pot. In decent sun, this cooker can handle up to {{LT|7.5}} of soup or stew or other food or up to ten pounds of meat. In really good sun, it has heated this two-gallon (8.5 liter) boiler full of water plenty hot enough to wash dishes (too hot to touch comfortably) in less than an hour.]]

Single thickness corrugated, unless of very good quality, might not stand up to the structural load of getting too much bigger than a [[CooKit]] or [[HotPot]] reflector, especially if gusty winds are a factor, but laminating/gluing two layers of cardboard with the corrugations cross-hatched might do the job. If it is too stiff to bend, cut apart and hinge with strips of cloth and glue. Thin plywood panels, hinged at the joints, are another possibility. One good way to foil them would be to trace and cut matching panels out of paperboard/poster-board, foil them, and then tape or clamp their edges to the plywood. Then, when the foil eventually dulls, it can be easily replaced without mess of old glue and shreds of foil stuck to the plywood.

Some pots and roasters of this capacity will fit in a [[turkey bag]]. Since little heat is lost through the bottom, it is often enough to just tuck the bag over the top and sides of the pot. Larger {{CM|60}} by {{CM|75}} cooking bags, made for the restaurant trade, will hold almost any two gallon (9 liter) pot or comparable roaster. These bags can be [http://www.webstaurantstore.com/24-x-30-plastic-cooking-bag-100-bx/612PB2430.html ordered in quantities of 100] or more from [http://www.webstaurantstore.com/ the Webstaurant Store]. 

A panel/trough hybrid might be possible using a {{LT|208}} metal drum cut in half lengthwise and foiled, possibly with an additional vertical reflector at the back. This might take two large pots.

{{Main|Windshield Shade Solar Cooker}}

==Build a very large box cooker==
[[Sun Ovens International]] makes a giant solar box cooker with propane back-up, which it markets as a village bakery called the [[Villager Sun Oven]]. Several hundred of these have been installed in various parts of the world. Others have built very large box cookers that can be used to cook large amounts of food or bake dozens of loaves of bread at one time.

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[[Image:Rita_Riewerts_Villager_2008.jpg|none|thumb|310px|The [[Villager Sun Oven]] can bake dozens of loaves of bread at one time]].
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[[Image:Cuba-pizza-restaurant.jpg|thumb|373px|none|Large [[Box cooker|box cookers]] such as this can cook large amounts of food.]]
</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left">[[Image:Rolf_Behringer_-_Small-scale_solar_bakery.jpg|thumb|none|310px|[[Rolf Behringer]] has used large box cookers to set up small-scale [[solar bakeries]].]]</td><td valign="top">[[Image:Sol-cafe cookers A-1and A-2.jpg|thumb|none|374px|[[Girja Sharan]]'s [[Sol-Café]] design is employed in seven schools and orphanages in India to cook for large groups.]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[File:Community_box_cooker_2018_-_Ashwani_Dhiman.jpg|thumb|none|{{NewJan18}}This large box cooker cooks for a community in [[India]] - Photo: Ashwani_Dhiman]]</td><td>[[File:Mamelodi,_S.A._solar_bakery_,10-11-17_.png|thumb|none|300px|{{NewJan18}}A community-scaled [[solar box oven]] to serve as a bakery for the SOS Children's Village in Mamelodi, [[South Africa]]. ''Photo credit: Bongani Shilubane / ANA'']]</td></tr>
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===See also===
*[[:Category:Solar box cooker plans|Solar box cooker plans]]
*[[Dakota SunStove]]
*[[Sun Scoop]]
*[[Chari Solar Trough Cooker]]

==Build a Scheffler Community Kitchen==
[[Image:Scheffler_Kitchen.jpg|thumb|370px|right|Egypt’s first [[Scheffler Community Kitchen]] at El Sherouk Farm near Alexandria.]]
[[Scheffler Community Kitchen]]s can cook for hundreds or even thousands of people per day. There are specialists who design and install institutionalized solar cooking systems that cook for large groups. Several years ago, a system was installed near Mt. Abu in [[India]] that reportedly cooks for 30,000 people. The concept is called the [[Scheffler Community Kitchen]], named after its creator, Dr. [[Wolfgang Scheffler]]. As with Mt. Abu, they can be made for extremely large kitchens or for smaller ones. I really don't know how small they can go before their cost-effectiveness deteriorates.

The basics of the system are as follows: One or more very large parabolic reflectors are built next to the kitchen, outside in the bright sun. These reflectors are equipped with motors that cause the reflectors to track the sun and focus the reflected light through a hole in the wall of the kitchen. The powerful beam of focused light is directed onto a reservoir that holds a liquid such as water or vegetable oil, making it very hot. Pipes distribute the heated fluid (in some cases as steam for steaming rice and vegetables) to various cooking stations in the kitchen, where the heat is used to cook food. If several of these large reflectors are used, it seems likely to me that you would need several holes in the wall and several places where the beams of light could heat up the reservoir containing the fluid. These systems are not cheap, and people have to be trained to maintain the reflectors and the equipment for tracking the path of the sun.

Experts in the field are [[Wolfgang Scheffler]] ([[Germany]]), Dr. [[Deepak Gadhia]], and [[Heike Hoedt]], who is building Scheffler reflectors to boil down maguey syrup in [[Mexico]].

{{main|Scheffler Community Kitchen}}

==Combine heat-retention cooking with solar cooking==
{{main|Heat-retention cooking}}
[[Image:Hay basket-4.jpg|right|333px]]
[[Heat-retention cooking]] increases the amount of food that can be cooked in one day in a solar cooker because after food has been heated to cooking temperature, it is placed into an insulated box where it will continue to cook until it is done. Heat-retention cooking is often introduced along with solar cooking since it further reduces the use of traditional fuels such as [[firewood]], and the use of this method allows much more food to be cooked each day in a solar cooker. This method of cooking is also known as ''retained-heat cooking'', ''fireless cooking'', ''haybox cooking'', or ''wonder box cooking''.

Heat-retention cooking is an age-old method that can be used to conserve energy not only during times of crisis, but anytime. Depending on the food item and amount cooked, the use of a haybox or insulated cooker saves between 20% and 80% of the energy normally needed to cook a food. The longer an item usually takes on a stovetop, the more fuel is saved. For example, with a haybox, five pots of long-cooking dry beans will use the same amount of fuel to cook to completion as just one pot cooked without a haybox.

==Use a pre-heater==
[[Image:Water_pasteurization_preheater.gif|left|thumb|A simple reflector made from one corner of a cardboard box can be used to preheat food or water while other food is cooking.]]
It is also possible to preheat one pot of food as another is cooking in the solar cooker. The illustration shows a simple preheater that can be made from one corner of a cardboard box.

See main article: [[Preheating]]
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==Reports==
*'''August 2014:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160416125603/http://www.ises.org/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/ISES_Webinar_SolarCookers_A_Chandak.pdf Solar Cookers for Community Cooking] - ''[[Ajay Chandak]]''

==See also==
* [[Institutional solar cooker designs]]
* [[Cultural variables]]
* [[Promoting solar cooking]]
* [[Solar restaurants and bakeries]]
[[Category:Institutional solar cooker designs]]
[[Category:Curated pages]]